Introduction


Essential Features of a Comparative Experiment


Experimental Design Principles


Figure 1

International Prototype of the Kilogram

Figure 2

shelves of cages beneath a light

Statistics in Data Analysis


Figure 1

living histogram of female student heights

Figure 2


Figure 3


Figure 4


Figure 5


Figure 6

null hypothesis

Figure 7

alternative hypothesis

Figure 8

Showing this plot is much more informative and easier to interpret than a long table of numbers. With this histogram we can approximate the number of individuals in any given interval. For example, there are approximately 42 individuals (~2.7%) with a resting heart rate greater than 90, and another 28 individuals (~1.8%) with a resting heart rate below 50.


Figure 9


Figure 10


Figure 11


Figure 12


Figure 13


Figure 14

As a rule of thumb, if the ratio of the larger variance to the smaller variance is less than 4, the groups have equal variances.


Figure 15

Code adapted from Power Curve in R by Cinni Patel.


Figure 16

Code adapted from How to Create Power Curves in ggplot by Levi Baguley


Completely Randomized Designs


Completely Randomized Design with More than One Treatment Factor


Randomized Complete Block Designs


Repeated Measures Designs