Statistical Inference for Biology: Glossary

Key Points

Introduction	Novel technologies produce data in great complexity and scale, requiring more sophisticated understanding of statistics.
Inference	Inference uses sampling to investigate population parameters such as mean and standard deviation. A p-value describes the probability of obtaining a specific value. A distribution summarizes a set of numbers.
Populations, Samples and Estimates	Parameters are measures of populations. Statistics are measures of samples drawn from populations. Statistical inference is the process of using sample statistics to answer questions about population parameters.
Central Limit Theorem and the t-distribution	. . . .
Central Limit Theorem in practice	. . . .
t-tests in practice	. . . .
Confidence Intervals	. . . .
Power Calculations	. . . .
Monte Carlo simulation	. . . .
Permutations	. . . .
Association tests	. . . .
Exploratory Data Analysis	. . . .
Plots to avoid	. . . .

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