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Statistical Inference for Biology: Glossary

Key Points

Introduction
  • Novel technologies produce data in great complexity and scale, requiring more sophisticated understanding of statistics.

Inference
  • Inference uses sampling to investigate population parameters such as mean and standard deviation.

  • A p-value describes the probability of obtaining a specific value.

  • A distribution summarizes a set of numbers.

Populations, Samples and Estimates
  • Parameters are measures of populations.

  • Statistics are measures of samples drawn from populations.

  • Statistical inference is the process of using sample statistics to answer questions about population parameters.

Central Limit Theorem and the t-distribution
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Central Limit Theorem in practice
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t-tests in practice
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Confidence Intervals
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Power Calculations
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Monte Carlo simulation
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Permutations
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Association tests
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Exploratory Data Analysis
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Plots to avoid
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Glossary

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